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技術(shù)亮點(diǎn)
Steindl 表示，TSN 工具箱擴(kuò)展了以前的現(xiàn)有機(jī)制來控制以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。但是什么是不知道如何處理它們的工具呢？
這就是為什么 IEC/IEEE 60802 提供的即插即用支持是可用性的關(guān)鍵。集中式網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制器配置站點(diǎn)，以建立安全的融合網(wǎng)絡(luò)。客戶只需說明他們對(duì)通信關(guān)系的服務(wù)質(zhì)量要求。
他補(bǔ)充說，工業(yè)自動(dòng)化市場(chǎng)將適應(yīng) TSN 工具箱提供的功能。IEC/IEEE 60802 安全融合網(wǎng)絡(luò)將與 PROFINET 和 OPC UA FX 一起提供工業(yè) 4.0 所需的即插即用功能。
工廠自動(dòng)化、過程自動(dòng)化或運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，所有垂直領(lǐng)域都可以由這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)和工作站處理。
IEC/IEEE 60802 規(guī)定了將通信和連接配置與 PROFINET 和 OPC UA FX 配置分開的程序。這種分離是 IT/OT 融合的先決條件。
他表示，與當(dāng)今典型應(yīng)用程序相比，TSN 的采用具有許多特定的應(yīng)用程序優(yōu)勢(shì)。
“IEC/IEEE 60802 安全融合網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及即插即用是關(guān)鍵，”Steindl 說。此外，使用 TSN 工具箱將推動(dòng)有線和無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的互操作性。假設(shè)其他垂直領(lǐng)域，例如專業(yè)音頻/視頻，共享相同的安全融合網(wǎng)絡(luò)。”
TSN 技術(shù)
上層工業(yè)協(xié)議支持
根據(jù) Moxa Europe 的說法，上層工業(yè)控制協(xié)議需要采用 TSN 并將 TSN 真正集成到整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中。這將促進(jìn) TSN 技術(shù)的發(fā)展，企業(yè)將開發(fā)和推出越來越多的商業(yè) TSN 相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和解決方案。
“在未來 1-2?? 年內(nèi)，我們認(rèn)為，由于 COVID-19 大流行導(dǎo)致供應(yīng)鏈中斷以及材料和人力短缺的情況仍將是更大規(guī)模采用 TSN 的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)楣緦⒏辉敢獠⑶冶Ｊ氐剡M(jìn)行新站點(diǎn)和新技術(shù)投資，“他們說。
Moxa 表示，當(dāng)前制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化和數(shù)據(jù)交換的趨勢(shì)，也被稱為“工業(yè) 4.0”或“工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”（IIoT），是基于數(shù)字化的。通過將模擬信號(hào)、聲音、圖像、文本和其他信息轉(zhuǎn)換為計(jì)算機(jī)可讀格式，數(shù)十年來，數(shù)字化一直在改變行業(yè)。為了讓制造商理解所有這些信息，數(shù)據(jù)必須從工廠車間的眾多傳感器和設(shè)備中傳輸出來，并為人類或其他機(jī)器進(jìn)行處理，以便實(shí)時(shí)做出明智的決策。
在當(dāng)前的 Purdue 模型中，工業(yè)自動(dòng)化形成了一個(gè)金字塔，其中隔離的專用協(xié)議在不同的層中自動(dòng)執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)。然而，這種模式給現(xiàn)代工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來了許多基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施挑戰(zhàn)。這些協(xié)議本質(zhì)上講的是不同的“語言”，當(dāng)需要實(shí)時(shí)通信時(shí)，這通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致困難。
隨著時(shí)間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò) (TSN) 的出現(xiàn)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)現(xiàn)在能夠提供確定性服務(wù)并集成以前被眾多專用協(xié)議隔離的“自動(dòng)化孤島”。
TSN 是一組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以太網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)確定性消息傳遞。正如電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì) (IEEE) 所定義的，TSN 涉及一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量管理形式，以確保端到端傳輸延遲的不可協(xié)商時(shí)間框架。因此，所有 TSN 設(shè)備必須相互同步時(shí)鐘，并使用公共時(shí)間參考來支持工業(yè)控制應(yīng)用的實(shí)時(shí)通信。
換句話說，TSN 提供了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)，用于在正確的時(shí)間將數(shù)據(jù)傳送到正確的位置。
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Steindl stated that the TSN toolbox extends the previous existing mechanisms to control quality of service for Ethernet networks. But what are tools without knowledge how to handle them?
That’s the reason why the plug & produce support provided by the IEC/IEEE 60802 is the key for the usability. Centralized network controllers configure the stations setting up the secured converged network. Customers are only required to state their quality-of-service requirements for the communication relations.
He added that the industrial automation market will adapt the features provided by the TSN toolbox. IEC/IEEE 60802 secured converged networks will provide, together with PROFINET and OPC UA FX, the plug & produce feature required by Industry 4.0.
Factory automation, Process automation or Motion control, all verticals could be handled by such kind of networks and stations.
IEC/IEEE 60802 specifies procedures for separating the communication and connectivity configuration from the PROFINET and OPC UA FX configuration. This separation is the prerequisite for an IT/OT convergence.
He stated that there are many specific application benefits that will enable adoption of TSN, versus what is possible with typical applications today.
“IEC/IEEE 60802 secured converged networks together with plug & produce are the key,” Steindl said. In addition, using the TSN toolbox will push the interoperability between wireline and wireless networks. Other verticals, for example professional audio/video, are assumed to share the same secured converged networks.”
Impact of TSN technology & timeline
“Plug & produce and interoperability between wireline and wireless networks are a precondition for smart manufacturing,” he added.
He also said that IEC/IEEE 60802 secured converged networks are addressing plug & produce. 3GPP / 5G and IEEE802.11 are addressing interoperability between wireline and wireless networks. IEC/IEEE 60802 secured converged networks specification will be available in 2023, 5G and IEEE802.11 specification at a later date.
TSN Technologies
Support by upper layer industrial protocols
According to Moxa Europe, the upper layer industrial control protocols will need to adopt TSN and truly integrate TSN into the overall system. This will enable the development of TSN technologies, and companies will develop and launch more and more commercial TSN-related products and solutions.
“In the coming 1-2 years, we believe that the situation with supply chain interruption and the shortage of materials and manpower due to the COVID-19 pandemic will remain the biggest challenges to more large scale adoption of TSN as companies will be more reluctant and conservative to do new site and new technology investment,” they said.
Moxa stated that the current trends of automation and data exchange in manufacturing, also referred to as “Industry 4.0” or the “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT), are based upon digitization. By converting analog signals, sounds, images, texts, and other information into a computer-readable format, digitization has been transforming industries for decades. For manufacturers to make sense of all these bits of information, the data must be transported from numerous sensors and equipment on the factory floor and processed for humans or other machines to make informed decisions in real-time.
In the current Purdue model, industrial automation forms a pyramid where isolated purpose-built protocols automate specific tasks within distinct layers. However, this model gives rise to a number of infrastructure challenges for modern industrial networks. The protocols are essentially speaking different “languages”, which often results in difficulties when real-time communication is required.
With the advent of Time-sensitive networking (TSN), standard Ethernet networks are now able to provide deterministic services and integrate the “islands of automation” that were previously isolated by the numerous purpose-built protocols.
TSN is a collection of standards that enables deterministic messaging over standard Ethernet networks. As defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), TSN involves a form of network traffic management to ensure non-negotiable time frames for end-to-end transmission latencies. Consequently, all TSN devices must synchronize their clocks with each other and use a common time reference to support real-time communications for industrial control applications.
In other words, TSN provides a standard and unified infrastructure for delivering data to the right place at the right time.
